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If the litter is large or the mother's milk for some reason insufficient, it may be necessary to supplement it. It is comparatively simple to ra« puppies, kittens puppies, or young pets of other kinds by Bottle feeding, but owners often make the mistake of feeding the animal the same type of milk that is given to human babies. The milk of dogs and cats more nearly resembles that of the cow than that of the human mother. A good formula tor puppies is one half pint of evaporated milk mixed with an equal amount of water. The yolk of one egg and two tablespoonfuls of Karo sirup should then be beaten in. For kittens puppies, straight cow's milk does quite well.

If the puppy's tail is to be docked, this is best done during the first week, though it can be done later. Both puppies and kittens puppies are born with their eyes closed; they open normally after nine to fourteen days. If the eyes have not opened within two weeks, they should be bathed with a warm saturated solution of boracic acid or a mild warm salt solution. If the eye seems to bulge before the lid opens, a veterinarian should be consulted im¬mediately. Such bulging (fortunately rare) is caused by a pus infection of the eye membrane, but prompt treatment can usually save the sight Puppies, kittens puppies, and raccoons should be checked for worms when about three weeks old, especially if the mother was not checked early in pregnancy.

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Maturation and Learning. Domestic kittens show a tendency to make brief excursions from the nest at about 3 weeks of age. Their mother kittens encourages them by calling from nearby and sometimes even by pulling them out of the nest if they are too reluctant. However, she makes sure that they do not become too daring too soon and carries them back to the nest if they stray too far. At about this time the mother kittens starts to carry the remains of partly torn prey animals to the nest, calling the kittens to look and to bite. The kittens are not yet capable of actually biting something off, but they keep chewing and gnaw¬ing, and this provides stimuli necessary for the growth and development of the teeth, jaw bones, masticatory muscles, and the skull bones to which the latter are attached. For this reason, when artificially rearing kittens of any kind it is quite wrong to start them exclusively on a diet of minced meat for their first solid food.

They swim only reluctantly, as when they are being chased by hounds in bobcat hunting. A bobcat's lair is constructed of dry moss or leaves in a hollow log, rock crevice or thicket, or under a stump. The litter, which contains up to 7 kittens, is born any time between late April and early October, after a gestation period of about 60 days. The mother kittens drives off her mate; but later, when the kittens are weaned, she per¬mits him to assist in bringing them food.

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The most common dog hookworm % to % inch (10-19 mm) in length and lives attaching its mouthparts to the small intestine the host. The females deposit many eggs, lich pass in the feces and hatch outside to »me infective larvae. The infective larvae may either be ingested penetrate through the skin. In puppies, pre-:al infection can occur when the larvae mi-ite through the tissues of the pregnant bitch, rvae that are swallowed develop into adult rms within 2 to 3 weeks. Those larvae that ictrate the skin burrow into the blood capil-ies and eventually get into the bronchi of the gs and subsequently are coughed up and allowed. They mature in the intestinal tract. In puppies, large numbers of hookworms may ise profound anemia, leading to collapse. In ; severe infections the puppies show a tarry 1 black diarrhea, anemia, and weakness.

The puppies' eyes generally open between the 10th and 14th days and appear milky blue. The puppies should not be exposed to excessive glare or sun at this stage. At 3 weeks of age they toddle around, and at 4 weeks they begin to manifest canine behavioral responses. At 5 to 6 weeks they still nurse, sleep, and play by engaging in mock free-for-all attacks upon one another and the bitch. Supplemental feeding of scraped raw lean beef, cottage cheese, and baby cereals can be started at 5 weeks of age, or somewhat earlier, at about 4 weeks of age, if the bitch has a scanty milk flow.